
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X18. Additional results: only groups in 'core' settlement area.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A56)</td><td>Min. (model A57)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A58)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A59)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-1.123<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.817<sup>†</sup></td><td>1.026</td><td>-0.126</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.538)</td><td>(0.429)</td><td>(0.738)</td><td>(0.659)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.660<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.649)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.182<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.528</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.295)</td><td>(0.485)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.175</td><td>-0.766</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.475)</td><td>(0.478)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.482</td><td>0.493</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.578)</td><td>(0.523)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.579</td><td>2.321<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.034)</td><td>(1.301)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.079</td><td>1.318</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.945)</td><td>(2.051)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.674</td><td>-0.764</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.926)</td><td>(0.996)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.232</td><td>2.876<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.533)</td><td>(0.891)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>3.000<sup>*</sup></td><td>2.854<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.356)</td><td>(1.424)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-1.050<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.957<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.357)</td><td>(0.375)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.301</td><td>0.330</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.344)</td><td>(0.343)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.389<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.269<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.350<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.364<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.087)</td><td>(0.109)</td><td>(0.126)</td><td>(0.122)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.030</td><td>0.118</td><td>0.508<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.491<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.094)</td><td>(0.132)</td><td>(0.153)</td><td>(0.147)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.001<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.516</td><td>0.508</td><td>1.343<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.291<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.507)</td><td>(0.367)</td><td>(0.511)</td><td>(0.516)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.062</td><td>0.146</td><td>-0.071</td><td>-0.062</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.150)</td><td>(0.150)</td><td>(0.200)</td><td>(0.190)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.227<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.108</td><td>-0.184<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.170<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.082)</td><td>(0.110)</td><td>(0.102)</td><td>(0.101)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.431<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.833<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.368<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.287</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.173)</td><td>(0.228)</td><td>(0.221)</td><td>(0.223)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.101</td><td>-0.260<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.130</td><td>-0.121</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.140)</td><td>(0.116)</td><td>(0.213)</td><td>(0.207)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.251</td><td>-1.503<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.104</td><td>0.154</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.720)</td><td>(0.642)</td><td>(0.548)</td><td>(0.546)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.216</td><td>0.005</td><td>0.727</td><td>0.859</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.980)</td><td>(1.221)</td><td>(1.166)</td><td>(1.102)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.533<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.239</td><td>0.392</td><td>0.417<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.287)</td><td>(0.339)</td><td>(0.242)</td><td>(0.226)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.508<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.484<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.112)</td><td>(0.127)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.029<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.022<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.013)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0003</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.927<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.285<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.251)</td><td>(0.500)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.190<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.189<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.076)</td><td>(0.083)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.008</td><td>0.008</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.011)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.932<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.883<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.381)</td><td>(0.386)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>1.190</td><td>1.928</td><td>-23.742<sup>***</sup></td><td>-24.675<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.402)</td><td>(2.197)</td><td>(2.867)</td><td>(2.856)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>110,981</td><td>152,807</td><td>152,807</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-1,091.455</td><td>-1,225.802</td><td>-1,261.503</td><td>-1,246.193</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>2,292.910</td><td>2,561.605</td><td>2,641.006</td><td>2,612.386</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
